1.   Which of the following is incorrect in regard to the Purkinje cell.

 A. It is a spontaneously firing cell
 B. It is found between the molecular and the granular layer
 C. It is the only output of the cerebellar cortex
 D. It is an excitatory neuron
 E. It receives excitatory input from parallel fibers, and climbing fibers

2.  After decortication, an animal exhibits extensor rigidity.  Upon removal of the cerebellum, this rigidity is 
     increased even more so.  Which of the following best describes this phenomenon.

 A. The excitatory neurons of the deep cerebellar nuclei no longer exert an effect upon the reticular formation
 B. The spino-olivary tract becomes excited when it isn't connected to the cerebellum
 C. The pons becomes involved directly in motor activities when it doesn't have to worry about its cerebellar 
           functions
 D. Loss of inhibitory control to vestibulospinal neurons cause an increase in spontaneous firing to extensor 
           musculature
 E. None of the above

3.  Which of the following structures axonal terminations would you expect to see in the molecular layer of the 
      cerebellum. 

 A. Pontine fibers
 B. Primary vestibular fibers
 C. Inferior olive fibers
 D. Spinocerebellar fibers
 E. Reticulocerebellar fibers

4.  Which of the following is not a clinical symptom of cerebellar damage.

 A. Asynergia
 B. Resting tremor
  C. Ataxia
 D. Adiadochokinesis
 E. Nystagmus

5.  One would find increased extensor muscle tone after a cerebellar lesion because.

 A. The cerebellar fibers directly synapse with extensor motoneurons
 B. The red nucleus is disrupted
 C. The loss of inhibitory control by Purkinje cells results in spontaneous firing by Deiter's neurons
 D. The excitatory control over the deep cerebellar nuclei is disrupted
 E. None of the above

6.  The dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT) and the cuneocerebellar tract relay what kind of information to the 
     cerebellum.

 A. Fine discriminative touch
 B. Proprioception from viscera
 C. Proprioception from muscle spindles
 D. Pain and temperature
 E. None of the above

7.  The vermis and the flocculo-nodular lobe regulate vestibular function by projections through which of the 
     following deep cerebellar nuclei.

 A. Globose nucleus
 B. Dentate nucleus
 C. Fastigial nucleus
 D. Emboliform nucleus
 E. None of the above

8.  The following statement is not true in regard to cerebellar lesions.

 A. A positive Romberg sign is present
 B. Tremor is present during movements (intention tremor)
 C. The patient is unable to perform rapid alternating movements (adiadochokinesis)
 D. Movements are not fluid but are broken up into separate joint movements (decomposition of movements)
 E. All deficits are contralateral to the lesion

9.  The superior cerebellar peduncles carry.

 A. Dorsal spinocerebellar fibers
 B. Cuneocerebellar fibers
 C. Ventral spinocerebellar fibers
 D. Olivocerebellar fibers
 E. None of the above

10. A lesion in the nodulo-floccular lobe and/or the fastigial nucleus does not produce.

 A. Tremor-intentional
 B. Dysdiadochokinesis
 C. Tremor-resting
 D. All of the above
 E. None of the above

11. The only nucleus outside the cerebellum to be directly contacted by Purkinje cells is.

 A. Red nucleus
 B. Ventro-lateral thalamus
 C. Cochlear nucleus
 D. Vestibular nucleus
 E. Superior olives

12. Which of the following synapses are facilatory.

 A. Basket cell ----> Purkinje cell
 B. Granule cell ----> Purkinje cell
 C. Climbing fiber ----> Purkinje cell
 D. Purkinje cell ----> Purkinje cell
 E. B and C

13. Which are not an adequate statement regarding cerebellar function.

 A. It coordinates somatic motor activity and regulates muscle tone
 B. After lesions, disturbances are ipsilateral to the lesion
 C. After lesions, irreversible and long sustaining motor disturbances are present
 D. No sensory information received by the cerebellum is acted upon at a conscious level by this structure
 E. None of the above

14. A cerebellar glomeruli could best be described as.

 A. A single climbing fiber, Golgi cell axons, granule cell dendrites, glia
 B. A single climbing fiber, Purkinje cell dendrites, glia
 C. A single mossy fiber, granule cell dendrites, Golgi cell dendrites, glia
 D. A single mossy fiber, granule cell axons, Golgi cell dendrites, glia
 E. None of the above

15. Which are not the major output and input of the cerebellum.

 A. Purkinje cell axons
 B. Parallel fibers
 C. Mossy fibers
 D. Climbing filers
 E. Noradrenergic fibers

16. The molecular layer of the cerebellum would not contain.

 A. The Purkinje cell dendritic field
 B. The stellate cell soma
 C. The granule cell axon
 D. The Golgi cell soma
 E. None of the above

17. Which of the following cerebellar circuits do not typify cerebellar feedback.

 A. Purkinje cell/fastigial nucleus/vestibular nuclei
 B. Purkinje cell/dentate nucleus/VL thalamic nucleus/motor cortex/pons
 C. Purkinje cell/fastigial nucleus/uncinate fasciculus/vestibular nuclei
 D. Purkinje cell/vestibular nuclei
 E. Purkinje cell/restiform body/inferior olive

18. The nuclei whose axons arise primarily as climbing fibers in the cerebellum is.

 A. Arcuate
 B. Inferior olive
 C. External cuneate
 D. Lateral reticular

19.  Since the body is somatopically arranged in the cerebellum, the head region would be represented in the 
       following lobules.

 A. The nodulus-paraflocculus
 B. The culmen and simplex
 C. The lingula
 D. The paramedian

20. A clinical symptom of cerebellar damage that would not be seen is.

 A. Adiadochokinesis
 B. Intention tremor
 C. Areflexia
 D. Asynergia
 E. Ataxia

21. Each of the following is characteristic of cerebellar speech except.

 A. It is often called scanning because there is a stretching of syllables that are also cut off from each other
 B. It is explosive, especially syllables that end a sentence
 C. It is ataxic in that articulation, respiration, and phonation are out of unison
 D. It is best characterized by an inebriated individual
E. It is a permanent disability with cerebellar lesions, regardless of size or location

22. An archicerebellar syndrome is characterized by the individual swaying and unsteady when standing, a 
      tendency to fall backward, articulation is jerky and the words are slurred, there is neither tremor nor 
      decomposition of movement when resting in bed.  This syndrome is produced by a lesion in.

 A. The restiform body
 B. The cerebellar hemispheres
 C. The flocculus and paraflocculus
 D. The cerebellar vermis
 E. The brachium conjuctivum

23. Which of the following would not be found in the superior cerebellar peduncle.

 A. Fibers from deep cerebellar nuclei to the red nucleus
 B. Fibers from deep cerebellar nuclei to the vestibular nuclei via uncinate fasciculus
 C. Fibers in the juxtarestiform body
 D. Fibers from deep cerebellar nuclei to the thalamus

24. It has been shown that there exists within the cerebellar cortex a longitudinal pattern of organization based 
      on projections of the cortex to the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei.  In this pattern the medial zone (vermis) projects 
      to the.

 A. Dentate
 B. Emboliform
 C. Globose
 D. Fastigial
 E. Vestibular nuclei

25. Which of the following cerebellar circuits would not typify cerebellar feedback.

 A. Purkinje cell/dentate/red nucleus/VL thalamus/motor cortex/pontine nuclei
 B. Purkinje cell/vestibular nuclei
 C. Purkinje cell/dentate/red nucleus/inferior olive  
 D. Purkinje cell/restiform body/inferior olive/cerebellum
 E. Purkinje cell/dentate/reticulotegmental nucleus 

26. Cerebellar projections are somatotopically arranged so that. 

 A. The head region is localized along the horizontal fissure
 B. The ventral side of the body is represented from the simplex lobule to the lingula
 C. The dorsal side of the body is represented from the folium to the nodulus
 D. On either side of the horizontal fissure the body is arranged from head to forearms to trunk to hind legs
 E. All of the above

27. A lesion in the cerebellum resulted in hypotonia, tremor with voluntary movement (intention) and asynergia. 
      This lesion is located in the.

 A. Flocculonodular lobe
 B. Posterior lobe
 C. Anterior lobe
 D. Vermis
 E. Nucleus motor interpositus

28. The archicerebellum is the oldest part of the cerebellum.  The following statements regarding functions and 
      projections of this portion of the cerebellum are correct except.

 A. This portion of the cerebellum projects fibers directly to the vestibular nuclei
 B. It is represented by the flocculonodular lobe
 C. Regulates vestibular function by projections to the fastigial nucleus
 D. The fastigial nucleus relays information to the vestibular nuclei entirely through the uncinate fasciculus
 E. The descending MLF from the medial vestibular nucleus at spinal levels becomes the medial vestibulospinal tract and the lateral vestibular nucleus gives rise to the lateral vestibulo-spinal tract--these tracts mediate vestibular information to spinal levels

29. Proprioception, touch and pressure information from the forelimbs and rostral parts of the body are conveyed 
      via which of the following pathways to the cerebellum.

 A. Receptor/spinal ganglia/Clarke's nucleus/posterior spinocerebellar tract/inferior cerebellar peduncle/
           cerebellar cortex
 B. Receptor/dorsospinal ganglia/Clarke's nucleus/anterior spinocerebellar tract/superior cerebellar peduncle/
           cerebellar cortex
 C. Receptor/spinal ganglia/dorsal columns/accessory cuneate nucleus/ inferior cerebellar peduncle/
           cerebellar cortex
 D. Receptor/spinal ganglia/dorsal columns/cuneate nucleus/middle cerebellar peduncle/cerebellar 
           cortex
 E. None of the above

30. Which of the following is incorrect in regard to granule cells.

 A. Axons ascend vertically to molecular layer where each bifurcates into T branches
 B. Their parallel fibers run transversely to the Purkinje cell dendrites
 C. They form synaptic contact with the spiny branchlets of Purkinje cell dendrites
 D. Their output is inhibitory
 E. Their axons also synapse on dendrites of Golgi, basket and stellate cells

31. The glomeruli of the cerebellum are composed of.

 A. A single climbing fiber, granule cell dendrites, Golgi cell axons, glia
 B. A single mossy fiber, granule cell dendrites, Golgi cell axons, glia
 C. A single climbing fiber, granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons, glia
 D. A single mossy fiber, Purkinje cell dendrites, Golgi cell axons, glia
 E. A single mossy fiber, granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons, glia

32. The following statement is not true in regard to cerebellar lesions.

 A. All deficits are ipsilateral to the lesion
 B. After lesions, irreversible and long sustaining motor disturbances are present
 C. A positive Rhomberg sign is present
 D. Tremor is present during movements (intention tremor)
 E. Movements are broken up into separate joint movements (decomposition of movement)

33. Which of the following are not true in regard to basket cells.

 A. Their axons pass transversely to the long axis of the folia
 B. Collaterals branch at right angles to the axon and surround the Purkinje cell body
 C. The cell bodies lie in the outer two-thirds of the molecular layer
 D. Dendrites are contacted by parallel fibers
 E. They are inhibitory neurons

34. One would expect to see the following terminations in the granular layer of the cerebellum except.

 A. Primary vestibular terminations
 B. Pontocerebellar terminations
 C. Inferior olive terminations
 D. Spinocerebellar terminations
 E. Reticulocerebellar terminations

35. A 30-year-old man was examined by the physician and the following was noted: the patient was found to have left horizontal nystagmus, truncal ataxia, a tendency to fall backward and a slight bradyalalia. Where is the lesion localized.  

 A. Left anterior lobe of cerebellum.
 B. Left nodulus-flocculus of cerebellum
 C. Left cerebellar hemispheres
 D. Left dentate nucleus
 E. Left superior cerebellar peduncle
 F. Left middle cerebellar peduncle
 G. Left inferior cerebellar peduncle
 H. Right inferior olive
 I. Right pontine nuclei

36. Which of the following statements is incorrect for the cerebellum.

 A. Activation of the mossy fibers result in increased inhibition in the deep cerebellar nuclei
 B. Activation of the Golgi cells result in decreased disinhibition in the deep cerebellar nuclei
 C. Activation of the purkinje cells result in increased excitation in the deep cerebellar nuclei
 D. Activation of the granule cells result in increased inhibition in the deep cerebellar nuclei
 E. Activation of climbing fibers result in increased inhibition in the deep cerebellar nuclei

37. Each of the following can result in abnormal cerebellar symptomology except.

 A. Cerebello-olivary atrophy
 B. Diffuse paraneoplastic cerebellar atrophy
 C. Olivo-ponto cerebellar degeneration
 D. Brown-Sequard syndrome
 E. Dentatorubral atrophy

38. A patient with a left unilateral neocerebellar lesion would display all of the following symptoms except.

 A. Truncal ataxia
 B. Atonia or hypotonia on left
 C. Intention tremor on left
 D. Past pointing on left
 E. Transient dysarthria

39. Which of the following synaptic relationships would you not expect in the cerebellar cortex.

 A. Granule cell --> Purkinje cell
 B. Purkinje cell --> Purkinje cell
 C. Stellate cell --> Purkinje cell
 D. Basket cell --> Purkinje cell
 E. Golgi cell --> Purkinje cell

40. If one saw congenital atrophy of the granular layer in a child, one might consider exploring all of the following 
      conditions with the mother except.

 A. Nutritional status during pregnancy
 B. How much alcohol does the mother consume
 C. How much pot or coke is she using
 D. Has she had exposure to radiation of any kind
 E. Does she have any hormonal imbalances
 F. Is there anyone in her family who gave birth to a child with this condition

41. All of the following cerebellar neurons are considered inhibitory except.

 A. Golgi cells.
 B. Fastigial nucleus cells.
 C. Stellate cells
 D. Basket cells
 E. Purkinje cells

42. A cerebellar tumor, invading the floor of the fourth ventricle is likely to involve all but which of the 
      following systems.

 A. Vestibular system
 B. Extraocular system
 C. Brainstem lower motor neurons
D. Corticospinal system
 E. Gustatory system

43. What is the major difference between decerebration without cerebellar involvement and decerebration 
       with cerebellar damage.

 A. Cerebellar damage results in alpha rigidity superimposed upon gamma rigidity
 B. Cerebellar damage creates hypotonia in affected muscles
 C. Cerebellar damage inhibits the lateral vestibular nucleus
 D. Cerebellar damage disinhibits feedback flexor pathways through the pyramidal tract
 E. There is no difference in the two decerebrate conditions

44. All of the following cerebellar neurons are inhibitory except.

 A. Purkinje cell
 B. Golgi cell
 C. Basket cell
 D. Stellate cell
 E. Granule cell

45. Which of the following statements is incorrect in regard to vestibular-cerebellar interactions.

 A. The vestibular nerve projects direct fibers to the nodulus and flocculus
 B. The floccular-nodular lobe is known as the archicerebellum
 C. All vestibular fibers, both direct and indirect, terminate as mossy fibers
 D. Lesions of these systems always result in vertical nystagmus
 E. A medulloblastoma in children is the major cause of an archicerebellar syndrome

46. If one stimulated a group of mossy fibers that excited parallel fibers in a strip twice the width of a 
      Purkinje cell, one would see.

 A. Inhibition of all the Purkinje cells in that strip
 B. Excitation of all the Purkinje cells in that strip
 C. Inhibition of all the Golgi cells in that strip
 D. Excitation of all the Golgi cells in that strip
 E. Decrease in firing rate of Purkinje cells in that strip
 F. Increase in firing rate of Purkinje cells in that strip
 G. Decrease in firing rate of parallel fibers in that strip
 H. Increase in firing rate of parallel fibers in that strip
 I. Lateral inhibition of Purkinje cells outside that strip
 J. A, C, E, G and I
 K. B, D, E, G, and I
 L. B, D, F, and I
 M. None of the above

47. The cerebellum smoothes and coordinates motor movements through direct connections to all but which 
      of the following regions of the brain.

 A. Spinal cord
 B. Thalamus
 C. Red nucleus
 D. Reticular nuclei
 E. Vestibular nuclei

48. All of the following axons may be found in the inferior cerebellar peduncle except:

 A. Dorsal spinocerebellar
 B. Cuneocerebellar
 C. Arcuocerebellar
 D. Olivocerebellar
 E. Ventral spinocerebellar

49. Within a cerebellar glomerulus, all of the following synaptic contacts may be found except.

 A. Mossy fiber terminal -----> granule cell dendrite
 Golgi cell axon
 Golgi cell axon
 Golgi cell dendrite
 E. All of the above.

50. A likely causative agent for ponto-olivo-cerebellar degeneration would be.

 A. Radiation damage
 B. Alcohol toxicity
 C. Genetic disorder
 D. Neoplasm toxicity
 E. Prenatal defect

51. All of the following are true except.

 A. The input to the cerebellum is excitatory
 B. The cerebellar deep nuclei from medial to lateral are: fastigial, embiliform, globose, and dentate.
 C. The inhibitory circuits in the cerebellum include more synapses than do the excitatory relays, and is
            therefore slower. 
 D. The fastigial nucleus receives afferents from the vestibular nerve.
 E. The fastigial nucleus discharges to the brainstem through the inferior and superior cerebellar peduncle.

52. The cerebellar glomerulus is a nodular structure formed by all of the following except.

 A. Dendritic terminals of numerous granule cells
 B. Terminal of Golgi cell axons
 C. Terminal of granule cells axons.
 D. One mossy fiber rosette.
 E. Terminal of Golgi cell dendrites

53. All of the following are true except.

 A. The axons of the ventral spinocerebellar tract terminate in the ipsilateral cerebellar cortex.
 B. The axons of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract terminate in the ipsilateral cerebellar cortex.
 C. The rubrospinal tract arises from the contralateral red nucleus. 
 D. The lateral vestibulospinal tract is an uncrossed tract. 
 E. The fasciculus cuneatus contains ipsilateral axons destined for the external cuneate nucleus.

54. All of the following are true except.

 A. The central tegmental tract runs primarily from the red nucleus to the inferior olive.
 B. The spino-olivary nucleus projects to the cerebellum.
 C. Cerebello-olivary fibers pass to the midbrain by way of the superior cerebellar peduncle.
 D. The accessory olivary nucleus projects to the vermis and paravermal region of the cerebellum.
 E. The inferior olive is the major source of mossy fibers to the cerebellum.

55. A left anterior inferior cerebellar artery occlusion would result in all of the following structures to 
      undergo ischemia except.

 A. L. superior colliculus
 B. L. spinothalamic tract
 C. L. medial leminiscus
 D. L. Inferior colliculus
 E. L. mesencephalic tract and nucleus
 F. L. lateral leminiscus
 G. L. abducens
 H. All of the above

56. All of the following symptoms would be seen with a lesion of the neocerebellum except.

 A. Ataxia
 B. Increased extensor rigidity
 C. Dsymetria
 D. Adiadochokinesis
 E. Intention tremor

57. Which of the following cells is excitatory.

 A. Golgi cell
 B. Basket cell
 C. Purkinje cell
 D. Stellate cell
 E. Granule cell

58. Direct projections of the Purkinje cell axons are known to project to.

 A. Red nucleus
 B. V.L. nucleus
 C. All four vestibular nuclei
 D. Lateral cuneate nucleus
 E. Pons

59. Truncal ataxia is least likely to occur with a lesion of which of the following structures.

 A. Superior cerebellar peduncle
 B. Vermis
 C. Inferior cerebellar peduncle
 D. Flocculo-nodular cerebellum
 E. Cerebellar atrophy from alcoholism.