1. That which is not characteristic of frontal lobe lesions is:

 A.  Extremely high moral values.
 B.  Distractibility.
 C.  Weakened memory.
 D.  Signs of complacency, self-satisfaction and boastfulness. 
 E.  Inability in judging their own life situations.

2. An example of an auditory agnosia would be:

 A.  The inability to speak because of inability of feedback from muscles of vocalization.
 B.  The difficulty in equalizing sounds.
 C.  The inability to recognize what is heard despite retention of auditory acuity.
 D.  The perception of sounds which do not exist none of the above.

3. Stimulation of which of the following areas are likely to result in the recall of a musical theme or song:

 A.  Angular gyrus.
 B.  Orbitofrontal gyrus.
 C.  Rostral tip of superior temporal gyrus.
 D.  Hippocampal gyrus.
 E.  Precentral gyrus.

4. The drug sodium amylobarbital would be used for:

 A.  Treatment of epilepsy.
 B.  Treatment of chorea.
 C.  To determine cerebral dominance.
 D.  To determine memory capacity.
 E.  To increase sexual potency.

5. All of the following would be considered cortical association fibers (as described in class) except:

 A.  Cingulum.
 B.  Superior longitudinal fasciculus.
 C.  Uncinate fasciculus.
 D.  Inferior thalamic radiation.
 E.  Superior occipito-frontal fasciculus.

6. Anosognosia is best exemplified by:

 A.  Inability to name his own fingers.
 B.  Inability to name an object he is presented with.
 C.  Inability to laugh at simple cartoons or to even fine them amusing.
 D.  Inability to recognize that he is paralyzed on the right side of his body and can't move.

7. As a famous neurologist, you visit a stroke patient and observe that when she speaks there is no   
    sequence in the words.  The sentences have no continuity and have no intelligible meaning.  This is an 
    example of:

 A.  Sensory aphasia.
 B.  Jargon aphasia.
 C.  Global aphasia.
 D.  Auditory aphasia.
 E.  Dysarthria.

8. Each of the following have been contemplated as the cause of the epileptic foci of neurons except:                

 A.  There is an increased postsynaptic excitation.
 B.  There is a change in the neuronal membrane permeability to ions.
 C.  There is an alteration in the amount of neurotransmitter released.
 D.  There is an alteration in astroglia which produces neuronal anoxia.

9. Split brain operations:

 A.  Are done routinely on epileptic patients.
 B.  Demonstrates that the dominant hemisphere theory is obsolete.
 C.  Is characterized by the contralateral hand being dominant in a task learned by both hands by one
            hemisphere.
 D.  Reveals that spatial construction tasks are related to the dominant hemisphere.
 E.  Reveals the left hemisphere control of left hand is extremely refined for the distal musculature.

10. Epilepsy characterized by an aura, movements which appear purposeful but are automatisms, 
       hallucinations, convulsive movements usually of the face, and amnesia to the seizure is:

 A.  Psychomotor epilepsy.
 B.  Grand mal epilepsy.
 C.  Minor motor epilepsy.
 D.  Petit mal epilepsy.

11. Which of the following cortical regions would you expect to find granular cortex:

 A.  Area 4.
 B.  Area 40.
 C.  Area 38.
 D.  Area 17. 
 E.  Area 6.

12. Which of the following is incorrect in regard to cerebral cortex:

 A.  Pyramidal neurons have synaptic input arranged discretely on its soma and dendrites.
 B.  Pyramidal dendrites form specific columnar organization in sensory regions.
 C.  It is formed from outside to inside, embryologically.
 D.  It is composed of many association fibers linking gyri to gyri and lobes to other lobes.
 E.  Commissural links by means of the corpus callosum are sparce in the occipital and temporal lobes.

13. Which of the following is incorrect in regard to cortex:

 A.  It is six-layered, numbered from inside to out.
 B.  Cytoarchitecturally, it differs in different regions.
 C.  It is isocortex.
 D.  It is both granular and agranular.
 E.  Its only output is the pyramidal cell.

14. Which of the following is most appropriate regarding motor aphasia:

 A.  It is confined to Wernicke's area.
 B.  A patient is incapable of expressing his thoughts in words because of lack of integration of laryngeal, 
            facial, and lingual muscles.
 C.  It is an inability to express one's thoughts in either the spoken or written language.
 D.  A lesion of the parietal lobe will produce it.
 E.  None of the above.

15. Which of the following is incorrect in regard to epilepsy:

 A.  It can be genetically linked.
 B.  It is a disorder of the CNS resulting from paroxysmal cerebral dysrhythmias.
 C.  It is most often seen after 30 years of age.
 D.  It can be produced by brain injuries.
 E.  It is more likely in males than in females.

16. The major difference between grand mal epilepsy and psychomotor epilepsy is:

 A.  There is no aura.
 B.  There is no postictal state.
 C.  There are myoclonic jerks.
 D.  There is Jacksonian march in grand mal.
 E.  There is no massive convulsion in psychomotor.

17. A lesion in the superior speech area (supplementary motor region) would result in all of the following 
      except:

 A.  Slurring of speech.
 B.  Distortion and repetition of words and syllables.
 C.  Confusion of numbers when counting.
 D.  Inability to write the name of an object which one sees.

18. Which of the following is incorrect in regard to split-brain preparations:

 A.  The corpus callosum is surgically cut.
 B.  The right and left eyes can be taught contradictory discriminations.
 C.  The object seen in the left nasal visual field of a human is the only one that can be verbally identified.
 D.  The motor performance becomes antagonistic when both hands are allowed to perform a motor task. 

19. The layer of the cerebral cortex which determines whether the cortex is agranular or granular is:

 A.  2
 B. 3
 C. 4
 D. 5
 E. 6

20. A cortical U fiber refers to:

 A.  Those fibers which are corticopedal.
 B.  Thalamocortical fibers.
 C.  Short association fibers connecting gyri.
 D.  Corpus callosum association fibers.
 E.  Anterior commissure association fibers.

21. Which of the following is incorrect in regard to the cerebral cortex:

 A.  All sensory regions are characterized as granular cortex.
 B.  All association areas are characterized as eulaminate cortex.
 C.  All motor regions are characterized as granular cortex.
 D.  All regions of the neocortex are characterized as being six-layered.

22. Which is not characteristic of a frontal lobe lesion:

 A.  Distractibility.
 B.  Reduction in intellectual ability.
 C.  Signs of complacency, self-satisfaction and often boastfulness.
 D.  Olfactory hallucinations.
 E.  Power of judgement of their own situation is impaired and their horizons or goals are narrowed to the
            present.

23. Each of the following causes a speech difficulty.  Which of these disorders would be characterized as 
      dysarthria:

 A.  A lesion in Broca's area.
 B.  A lesion in Wernicke's area.
 C.  A lesion in the supplementary motor speech area.
 D.  A lesion in the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
 E.  None of the above.

24. Cerebral dominance refers to:

 A.  That hemisphere which is more intellectual.
 B.  That hemisphere which controls left or right handed writers.
 C.  That hemisphere where speech and language is controlled.
 D.  That hemisphere which receives the majority of corpus callosum fibers.

25. A lesion in the parietal cortex would most likely produce all of the following symptoms except:

 A.  An inability to recognize known objects or persons.
 B.  An inability to synthesize and associate the sensations experienced.
 C.  A difficulty in putting together one-dimensional units so as to form a two-dimensional figure or
            pattern
 D.  An inability to recognize social and ethical standards and values.

26. The cell type which one would not find in the adult cerebral cortex is:

 A.  Pyramidal.
 B.  Horizontal.
 C.  Basket.
 D.  Stellate.
 E.  Martinotti.

27. Which of the following is the most appropriate regarding motor aphasia:

 A.  A lesion of area 41 will produce it.
 B.  A right unilateral lesion of area 44 will produce it.
 C.  A patient is incapable of expressing his thoughts in words because of lack of integration of 
            laryngeal, facial and lingual muscles.
 D.  A patient is unable to speak although the written and spoken language is intact.
 E.  None of the above.

28. Upon stimulation of the temporal lobe, the patient recalls her twelfth birthday complete with blowing 
      out candles, burnt wax smell and all her childhood friends.  This response is referred to as:

 A.  An interpretive response.
 B.  Deja vu phenomenon.
 C.  Experiential response.
 D.  A recruiting response.

29. Which of the following is not likely a result of bilateral prefrontal lobotomy:

 A.  Reduced initiative and concentration.
 B.  Abolition of obsessive thoughts or incoming pain stimuli.
 C.  Loss of problem solving and abstraction ability.
 D.  Loss of long-term goal orientation.
 E.  Inappropriate affect.

30. The cortical area you would most expect to see agranular cortex would be:

 A.  4
 B.  6
 C.  17
 D.  41
 E.  1

31. An example of corticofugal fibers would be:

 A.  Specific thalamic afferents.
 B.  Non-specific thalamic afferents.
 C.  Pyramidal tract.
 D.  Commissural fibers.
 E.  Association fibers.

32. All of the following are symptoms of bilateral frontal cortex lesions except:

 A.  Reduction in intellectual ability.
 B.  Somatic pain of an unbearable nature is totally eliminated.
 C.  Reduction in ethical standards.
 D.  Impaired capacity of judging future consequences of one's actions.
 E.  Abstract concept problems are more difficult to do.

33. Neural pathways subtending horizontal gaze are quite complicated.  If a patient had a left cortical 
      lesion one would see:

 A.  Normal eye movements to the right.
 B.  Right eye would not move to right but left would be normal.
 C.  Fast phase will be to left in nystagmus.
 D.  Both eyes will not move to right.
 E.  Right eye would be normal but left eye would have impaired adduction and ptosis

34. In a lesion of the right frontal lobe, one would see:

 A.  Right adversive seizure.
 B.  Right hemiparesis.
 C.  Left hemiparesis.
 D.  Right gaze impairment so the eyes look toward the paralyzed limb.
 E.  Left gaze impairment so the eyes look away from the paralyzed limb.
 F.  Eyes cannot be moved to lesion side.
 G.  A, B, D, and F.
 H.  C and E.
 I.   A, C, E, and F.
 J.  None of the above.

35. An example of an interpretive response upon stimulation of the non-dominant hemisphere would be:

 A.  A hallucinatory response where one remembers their birthday party when they were 5 years old.
 B.  An uncanny ability to perform intricate mathematical problems.
 C.  A visualization of a prior life in another time period.
 D.  A feeling that one is hearing or seeing something which they have already experienced.
 E.  The response an individual makes although no questions or stimuli has been presented.

36. Motor speech areas interconnect with limbic forebrain structures through which tract:

 A.  Uncinate fasciculus.
 B.  Cingulum.
 C.  Anterior commissure.
 D.  Fornix.
 E.  Stria terminales.
 F.  Stria medullaris thalami.

37. The cortical area you would most expect to see agranular cortex would be:

 A.  1
 B.  17
 C.  6
 D.  41
 E.  4

38. All of the following symptoms may be seen in a bilateral frontal lobe lesion except:

 A.  A lack of aggression and a placid attitude toward life.
 B.  A tendency to have trouble being aware of where one's body parts are at any particular moment in
            time.
 C.  A lack of concentration, vacillation of attention, and an inability to carry out planned activities.
 D.  Motor abnormalities such as abnormal postures, reflex grasping, and sucking, and sphincteric
            incontinence.
 E.  A diminution of traits such as suggestibility, rigid of character, self-criticism, and introversion.

39. Which of the following cortical regions would you expect to find granular cortex.

 A. Area 4
 B. Area 38
 C. Area 1,2,3
 D. Area 23
 E. Area 6

40. Eulaminate cortex refers to.

 A. 3-layered hippocampus
 B. Paleo cortex
 C. The prototype, having 6 defined layers
 D. Agranular
 E. Granular

41. That which is characteristic of frontal lobectomy patients is.

 A. Signs of complacency, self-satisfaction and boastfulness.
 B. Extremely high moral values.
 C. Improved memory recall.
 D. Increased ability to deal with day to day as well as future decisions.
 E. Decreased sociopathic behavior.

42. Confabulatory behavior with memory deficits can be seen in which of the following disease conditions.

 A. Alzheimer disease
 B. Pick's disease
 C. Korsakoff's syndrome
 D. Kluver-Bucy syndrome
 E. Broca's disease

43. The neural structure most concerned with recent memory is the.

 A. Frontal lobe
 B. Dominant parietal lobe
 C. Hippocampal formation
 D. Mammillary bodies
 E. Amygdaloid complex

44. Which of the following is not seen as a sequella of a penetrating skull injury over the convexity of 
      the left hemisphere. 

 A. Expressive aphasia
 B. Right spastic hemiplegia
 C. Cerebral edema
 D. Meningitis
 E. Seizures
 F. All of the above are possible sequella of such an injury.

45. Complete occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery could result in all of the following except. 

 A. Aphasia
 B. Central facial palsy
 C. Contralateral hemiparesis
 D. Contralateral anesthesia
 E. Contralateral deafness.

46. A lesion of the genu of the internal capsule on the right side could result in all but which of the following.

 A. Inability to smile with the left side of the face on command.
 B. Deviation of the tongue to the left on protrusion
 C. Deviation of the jaw to the left on protrusion
 D. Hyperacusis on the left
 E. All of the above could result

47. A left temporal lobe tumor can result in all of the following except.

 A. Difficulty localizing sound in space
 B. Uncinate fits
 C. Contralateral upper quadrantnopsia
 D. Receptive aphasia
 E. All of the above could result from a temporal lobe tumor.