1. That which is characteristic of frontal lobectomy patients is:

 A. Decreased 3-dimensional and artistic abilities
 B. Extremely high moral values.
 C. Improved memory recall.
 D. Increased ability to deal with day to day as well as future decisions.
 E. Increased violent behavior.

2. All of the following would be found in the Kluver-Bucy syndrome except: 

 A. Hyperorality.
 B. Hyposexuality.
 C. Psychic blindness.
 D. Obesity.
 E. Altered endocrine responses.

3. All of the following are true except:
           
 A. The stria terminalis arises from the habenula.
 B. The fornix originates in the hippocampal formation.
 C. The cells of origin of the MFB are chiefly in the septal or anterior olfactory area.
 D. The MFB gives off axons to the hypothalamic nuclei.
 E. The MFB afferents are related to emotional drives.

4. Which is not true in regard to the hippocampus:

 A. The area CA1 is that region adjacent to the subiculum.
 B. The most medial portion of the entorhinal cortex receives input from the olfactory system and projects 
           to the hippocampus by means of the perforant pathway.
 C. The pyramidal cell is the only output.
 D. Basket cell soma are found in the stratum oriens or polymorphic layer of the hippocampus.
 E. Granule cells in the dentate gyrus are excitatory. 

5. Stimulation of the amygdala results in all of the following except: 

 A. Gagging response.
 B. Attention response.
 C. Micturation and defecation.
 D. Inattention to stimuli.
 E. Increased ACTH and gonadotrophic release.

6. The precommissural fibers of the fornix terminate in all of the following structures except:

 A. Anterior hypothalamus.
 B. Diagonal Band of Broca.
 C. Septal nucleus.
 D. Entorhinal cortex.
 E. Preoptic nuclei.

7. The projections of the anterior thalamic nucleus are  primarily to:

 A. Cingulate cortex.
 B. Dorsomedial thalamus.
 C. Frontal cortex.
 D. Entorhinal cortex.
 E. Pyriform cortex.

8. Lesions to which of the following structures can cause catatonia ( a state of inattention to the surroundings,  
    unresponsiveness, dilated pupils and mutism). 

 A. amygdala
B. periventricular gray
C. mammillary bodies
D. Hippocampus
E. dorsolateral thalamus.

9. Confabulatory behavior with memory deficits can be seen in which of the following disease conditions.

 A. Alzheimer disease
 B. Pick's disease
 C. Korsakoff's syndrome
 D. Kluver-Bucy syndrome
 E. Broca's disease

10. The following fibers can be found in the anterior commissure except:

 A. Direct corticomedial amygdaloid fibers.
 B. Entorhinal commissural fibers.
 C. Indirect basolateral amygdaloid fibers via the striae terminalis.
 D. Direct basolateral amygdaloid fibers.
 E. Indirect corticoamygdaloid fibers via the striae terminalis. 

11. Stimulation of the septum produces all of the following symptoms except:

 A. Arrest reaction.
 B. Causes agitation and arousal.
 C. Pleasure response.
 D. Penile erection.
 E. EEG activation in rabbit's during orgasmic behavior.

12. The hippocampus has been implicated in all of the following functions except:

 A. Spatial and cognitive mapping.
 B. Memory consolidation.
 C. Homosexuality.
 D. Hallucinations.
 E. Inhibition of inappropriate responses.

13. The mossy fibers of the hippocampus refers to:

 A. alveolar pathway axons.
 B. pyramidal cell axons.
 C. perforant pathway axons.
 D. granule cell axons.
 E. septal axons.

14. The following lesions or clinical conditions can all result in obesity except:

 A. Simmond's syndrome.
 B. Pick's disease.
 C. Bilateral temporal lobectomy.
 D. Alzheimer's disease.
 E. Lyphoblastic leukemia.

15. The hippocampus.

 A. Receives primary olfactory information.
 B. Is called paleocortex. 
 C. Is actually composed of two components, the  hippocampus proper and the dentate gyrus.
 D. Is localized beneath the uncus. 
 E. Is not intimately related to the cingulate cortex.

16. All of the following are correct except:

 A. The mammillothalamic fasciculus projects to the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus.
 B. The hypothalamus is an integral part of the limbic system. 
 C. The hypothalamus receives fibers from the DM thalamic nucleus which has reciprocal connections 
           with the prefrontal cortex. 
 D. The periventricular fibers traverse the DLF
 E. The hypothalamus can directly influence the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic and 
           parasympathetic systems. 

17. Which is not characteristic of a frontal lobe lesion:

 A. Distractibility.
 B. Reduction in intellectual ability.
 C. Signs of complacency, self-satisfaction, and often boastfulness.
 D. Olfactory hallucinations.
 E. Power of judgement of their own situation is impaired and their horizons and goals are narrowed to the 
           present.

18. Hyperphagia, obesity, and ferocious behavior in animals may result from:

 A. Lesions in the anterior hypothalamus.
 B. Bilateral lesions of the corticomedial amygdala.
 C. Lesions in the lateral hypothalamic nuclei.
 D. Bilateral lesions in the ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei. 
 E. Extensive decortications.

19. The neural structure most concerned with recent memory is the:

 A. Frontal lobe.
 B. Dominant parietal lobe.
 C. Hippocampal formation.
 D. Mammillary bodies.
 E. Amygdaloid complex.

20. Experimental studies in which animals can deliver electrical stimuli to regions of their own brain by 
      bar pressing, suggest that such stimuli.                                                                              

 A. Damage the brains of animals.
 B. Lead to hypersexuality.
 C. Represent a primary reinforcement for drives related to food and sex.
 D. Are commonly unpleasant and lead to avoidance reactions.
 E. Produce neurotic animals.

21. The following are true in concerning the hippocampus except: 

 A. It receives most of its afferents from the entorhinal cortex. 
 B. It receives afferents from the septal region.
 C. It projects to the anterior nucleus of the thalamus.
 D. It is involved in olfaction.
 E. It is implicated in memory imprinting.

22. Which of the following is not a relay of the limbic system found in the midbrain:

 A. Dorsal tegmental nucleus.
 B. Medial longitudinal fasciculus. 
 C. Ventral tegmental nucleus.
 D. Descending longitudinal fasciculus.
 E. Interpeduncular nucleus.

23. The following is not true in regard to the habenular nuclei:

 A. It is intimately related to rostral forebrain structures by the stria medullaris thalami.
 B. It is intimately related to brain stem by the fasciculus retroflexus.
 C. The habenulo-tectal pathways interrelate olfactory stimuli with visual, auditory, and other stimuli.
 D. It is related to the hypothalamus by way of the medial forebrain bundles.
 E. It is a limbic system structure.

24. Which of the following cortical areas is least likely to be associated with the limbic system:

 A. Supramarginal gyrus.
 B. Parahippocampal cortex.
 C. Cingulate cortex.
 D. Orbitofrontal cortex.

25. Which of the following is not a major output fiber system of the hypothalamus?

 A. Medial forebrain bundle.
 B. Fasciculus retroflexus.
 C. Cingulum.
 D. Periventricular system.
 E. Fornix.

26. The following is not true in regard to the olfactory system:

 A. Most probably, olfactory memory is localized in the olfactory bulb cortex.
 B. The only output is by means of the mitral cell.
 C. Odor is most probably determined by the stereologic molecular configuration.
 D. Olfactory receptor axons are unmyelinated.
 E. It projects fibers by means of the lateral and medial olfactory stria.

27. The olfactory bulb does not:

 A. Become stimulated by volatile compounds stimulating bipolar axons passing through the cribiform plate.
 B. Contains the cell bodies of tufted cells in the mitral cell layer.
 C. Mediate the gustatory sensation.
 D. Receive information from the contralateral olfactory bulb.
 
       
28. A particular group of symptoms which include, estrous in females, hypersexuality, hyperphagia, 
      temporary rage are often seen after:

 A. Bilateral lesions of the hippocampus.
 B. Bilateral lesions of the dorsomedial thalamus.
 C. Bilateral lesions of the habenula.
 D. Unilateral lesions of the amygdala.
 E. Unilateral lesions of the septum.

29. Alteration in emotional behavior can be seen with:

 A. Bilateral hippocampal lesions.
 B. Bilateral amygdala lesions.
 C. Bilateral damage to the anterior temporal lobes.
 D. Bilateral damage to the prefrontal cortex.
 E. All of the above.

30. To which of the following regions do the olfactory stria not directly project:

 A. Anterior perforated substance.
 B. Hippocampal formation.
 C. Amygdala.
 D. Prepiriform cortex.
 E. Periamygdaloid cortex.

31. Which of the following would not receive a direct projection of a mitral or tufted cell axon:

 A. Pyriform cortex.
 B. Corticomedial amygdaloid nuclei.
 C. Anterior olfactory nucleus.
 D. Hippocampal dentate gyrus.
 E. Olfactory tubercle.

32. Which of the following statements concerning the olfactory system best describes the mitral cells:

 A. Their axons contribute to the lateral and dorsal olfactory striae.
 B. They are primary olfactory neurons.
 C. Their axons give rise to the fornix.
 D. Their axons give rise to the medullary stria.
 E. They are located in the primary olfactory cortex.

33. Which of the following would you not consider being part of the limbic system:

 A. Amygdala.
 B. Dorsomedial thalamic nucleus.
 C. Cingulate cortex.
 D. Inferior thalamic radiation.
 E. All of the above.

34. Which of the following midbrain anatomical structures is not considered a relay of hypothalamic information:

 A. Interpeduncular nucleus.
 B. Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus.
 C. Medial lemmiscus.
 D. Dorsal tegmental nucleus.
 E. Ventral tegmental nucleus.

35. The Kluver-Bucy syndrome is characterized by docility, psychic blindness (compulsion to examine objects 
      visually, tactually, and orally), bizarre sexual behavior and hypersexuality.  One would find this syndrome 
      after lesions of which of the following structures:

 A. Hypothalamus.
 B. Frontal cortex.
 C. Temporal lobe.
 D. Lateral geniculate body.

36. In Korsakoff Syndrome, one would find mental insufficiencies, memory loss and psychosis.  Which of the 
      following structures are most likely to be undergoing degeneration?

 A. Frontal lobe.
 B. Hippocampus.
 C. Septum.
 D. Mammillary body.
 E. Both A and B.
 F.  A and B and D.

37. The axons of the hippocampus which form the major portion of the fornix belong to which of the following cell 
      types in this structure?

 A. Basket cell.
 B. Granule cell.
 C. Pyramidal cell.
  D. Purkinje cell.
 E. None of the above.

38. Which of the following is incorrect in regard to the amygdala?

 A. It is a structure composed of numerous individual nuclei.
 B. Its major projections are to the hypothalamus, dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus and septum.
 C. The most important and largest portion is the corticomedial group.
 D. Stimulation produces a variety of visceral changes such as pupillary, GI, respiratory, etc.

39. Which is a correct statement regarding the amygdaloid complex?

 A. It is located immediately beneath the inferior temporal gyrus.
 B. The basolateral nuclei receive primary olfactory axons from the lateral olfactory striae.
 C. Destruction results in irreversible rage and the patient must be institutionalized.
 D. Stimulation of the basolateral complex results in increased ACTH release by the pituitary.
 E. Bilateral lesions result in insomnia.

40. Which of the following is a correct statement regarding the hippocampal complex structural anatomy?

 A. The lateral portion of area entorhinalis (28) gives rise to the alveolar pathway.
 B. The perforant pathway terminates upon the pyramidal neuron dendritic field located in the polymorphic 
           region of the hippocampus.
 C. In a transverse section CA3 represents the most ventral component of the hippocampus.
 D. Basket cells are inhibitory to both granule and pyramidal cell.         

41. The subcommissural organ in the region of the posterior commissure:

 A. Is related to sexual hyperfunction.
 B. Is part of the visual system.
 C. Produces releasing factors said to stimulate aldosterone from the adrenal.
 D. Is a parasympathetic nuclei.
 E. Is a structure found only in camels.

42. Which of the following is not directly related to the olfactory system?

 A. Tufted cell.
 B. Pyriform cortex.
 C. Anterior olfactory nucleus.
 D. Hippocampus.
 E. None of the above.

43. Which of the following statements is incorrect in regard to the dorsomedial thalamic nucleus?

 A. It projects to prefrontal cortex by means of the anterior thalamic radiation.
 B. It projects to the orbital frontal cortex by means of the inferior thalamic radiation.
 C. It produces all sorts of assorted personality defects when stimulated by an electrode.
 D. It receives a rich input from olfactovisceral, somatic, hypothalamic, and other various sensory structures.         

44. The projections of the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus are primarily related to:

 A. The cingulate gyrus.
 B. The parietal lobe.
 C. The prefrontal cortex.
 D. The entorhinal cortex.         

45. Which of the following would you not consider a major component of the anterior commissure?

 A. Medial olfactory stria.
 B. Columns of the fornix.
 C. Stria terminalis.
 D. Temporal cortex association fibers.
 E. Amygdaloid complex association fibers.

46. Which of the following statements would be incorrect in regard to hippocampal functions?

 A. It has reciprocal EEG activity with the cerebral cortex.
 B. Stimulation and lesions can produce olfactory hallucinations.
 C. Bilateral lesions result in highly aggressive behavior.
 D. Stimulation while under anesthesia can result in arousal and wakefulness which ceases when the 
           stimulation is turned off. 

47. Which of the following would not be a probable relay of olfactory information to the brain stem?

 A. Olfactory cortex --> septum --> medial forebrain bundle --> cranial nuclei
 B. Olfactory cortex --> piriform cortex --> habenular --> interpeduncular nucleus --> cranial nuclei
 C. Olfactory cortex --> cingulate cortex --> habenular --> interpeduncular nucleus --> cranial nuclei
 D. Olfactory cortex --> piriform cortex --> mammillary body --> tegmental nuclei --> cranial nuclei

48. Which of the following brain structure lesions would result in catatonia in a patient?

 A. Amygdala.
 B. Hippocampus.
 C. Periaqueductal gray.
 D. Septum.
 E. Lateral hypothalamic nuclei.

49. When an electrode is placed in a particular region of the brain of a rat and is stimulated when an animal 
      presses a bar for food, there reaches a point where the rat will press the bar for the electric shock in this 
      region at an amazing rate and ignores the food entirely.  What structure is being stimulated?

 A. Hippocampus
 B. Habenular
 C. Septum
 D. Hypothalamus
 E. Amygdala

50. All of the following are true about the olfactory system except:

 A. Bipolar neurons are located in the olfactory epithelium.
 B. The granule cells are all axonless.
 C. The mitral cell is the only output from primary olfactory cortex.
 D. The bipolar olfactory neuron axons are unmyelinated.
 E. Anosmia refers to the lack of the sense of smell.

51. Rage behavior can be elicited by stimulation of all of the following except:

 A. Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus.
 B. Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus.
 C. Amygdaloid nuclei.
 D. Perifornical region.
 E. None of the above.

52. Olfactory information can pass into the brain stem by way of:

 A. Uncinate fasciculus.
 B. Medial forebrain bundle.
 C. Stria medullaris.
 D. Fornix.
 E. Both B and C.

53. All of the following are true concerning the olfactory bulb except:

 A. Mitral cells have synaptic input to and outputs from all parts of their dendritic tree.
 B. GC output is localized to their spines.
 C. Central inputs are directed to GC and periglomerular cells.
 D. PG cell axons and dendrites project to the same glomerulus.
 E. Several olfactory axons may form part of one glomeruli.

54. The area that apparently links the olfactory system to the limbic system is the:

 A. Corticomedial amygdaloid area.
 B. Entorhinal cortex.
 C. Septal nuclei.
 D. Parolfactory area.
 E. None of the above.
  
55. Olfactory memory most likely occurs at the level of:

 A. Olfactory bulb.
 B. Prepyriform cortex.
 C. Entorrhinal cortex.
 D. Preolfactory area.

56. All of the following are true in regard to the septum except:

 A. Self-stimulation studies indicate it is a site for pleasure responses
 B. Lesions result in decreased activity and emotionality which are in turn increased by amygdaloid lesions
 C. Stimulation produces sleep in monkeys
 D. Stimulation produces penile excretion and ovulation
 E. Stimulation in cats produce meowing, urination, defecation, and movements of the face and upper 
           extremities.

57. An olfactory glomerulus may contain all of the following except:

 A. Periglomerular cell dendrites.
 B. Granule cell axons.
 C. Mitral primary dendrites.
 D. Periglomerular axons.
 E. Tufted cell dendrites.

58. The pyriform lobe consists of all of the following except:

 A. Prepyriform cortex.
 B. Diagonal band of Broca.
 C. Periamygdaloid area.
 D. Entorrhinal cortex.
 E. B and D.

59. All of the following are features of the external molecular layer of the olfactory bulb except:

 A. Reciprocal dendrodendritic synapses between mitral cell dendrites and granule cell dendrites.
 B. Central inputs onto different parts of granule cell dendrites.
 C. Tufted cell bodies.
 D. Anterior olfactory nucleus among the tufted and mitral cell axons.
 E. Both B and D.

60. The chemoarchitecture of the amygdala indicate all of the following except:

 A. NE concentrations in the basolateral group only.
 B. Serotonin concentration in the corticomedial and basolateral group.
 C. High concentration of zinc.
 D. High dopamine concentrations in the central nucleus.
 E. Cholinergic concentration in the basolateral group.
 F. High enkephalin concentration in the central nucleus.

61. All of the following discharge pathways for the habenular nuclei are correct except:

 A. Habenulo-tectal relating visual, auditory, and olfactory stimuli.
 B. Habenulo-diencephalic tract of Edinger which projects primarily to the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus.
 C. Habenuol-tegmental which terminates in the dorsal tegmental nucleus.
 D. Habenulo-septal which is a feedback pathway to areas projecting to the habenular nuclei.
 E. Habenulo-rubral which projects to the parvicellular portion.

62. Control of bulbar output from mitral and tufted cell bodies involves:

 A. Granular cells.
 B. Periglomerular cells.
 C. Central inputs.
 D. Tufted cells.
 E. Both A and B.

63. All of the following are true of the hippocampus except:

 A. Lesions result in memory consolidation problems.
 B. Stimulation can result in arrest of spontaneous ongoing movements similar to petit mal epilepsy.
 C. Increased electric activity of the hippocampus results in unsynchronized EEG activity of the 
           cerebral Cortex.
 D. Deja vu and olfactory hallucinations have been associated with it.
 E. Stimulation has been associated with behavior in animals which have been described as "orientating",
           "bewilderment," and "anxiety".

64. Which is not correct in regard to the cytoarchitecture of the hippocampus?

 A. Basket cells are inhibitory.
 B. Basket cell axons terminate upon the basal dendrites of pyramidal cells.
 C. Granule cell axons terminate upon medial portion of pyramidal cell dendrites.
 D. Perforant pathway axons terminate upon distal portions of pyramidal cell dendrites.
 E. Alvear pathway axons terminate upon basal portions of pyramidal cell dendrites. 
 F. The dentate gyrus represents CA4.

65. Deficits in short-term memory consolidation exist with lesions to all of the following except:

 A. Hippocampus lesions bilateral.
 B. Frontal cortex degeneration in Pick's Disease.
 C. Fornix lesions.
 D. Midbrain tegmentum lesions in Wernicke' encephalopathy.
 E. Mammillary body lesions in Wernicke's encephalopathy.

66. Lesions of the amygdala (bilateral or unilateral) result in all of the following except:

 A. Estrus in female animals.
 B. Psychic blindness.
 C. Licking, swallowing and other behavior related to feeding.
 D. Olfactory hallucinations.
 E. Hypersexuality in male animals.

67. Which of the following connections is not part of the fornix?

 A. Hippocampal projection to mammillary nuclei.
 B. Hippocampal projection to anterior thalamic nucleus.
 C. Septal projections to hippocampus.
 D. Amygdaloid projections to the hypothalamus.
 E. Hippocampal projections to the preoptic area.

68. A reciprocal synapse in the olfactory system:

 A. Implies a synapse by an axon and dendrite of the same cell.
 B. Is a term used for collateral synapses given off to the anterior olfactory nucleus.
 C. Is the synapse made by terminating axons from the contralateral olfactory bulb.
 D. Represents an excitatory synapse of a mitral cell with an adjacent excitatory dendrite of a tufted cell.
 E. Represents two adjacent synapses, one being presynaptic excitatory mitral cell dendrites and the other
           being presynaptic inhibitory granule cell dendrites.

69. The amygdala:

 A. Is referred to as a hunger center.
 B. Is inhibitory to hypothalamic-releasing factors.
 C. Plays a major rose in sleep phenomena.
 D. Plays a major role in sexual behavior.
 E. Is composed of two nuclei.

70. Which of the following is not true in regard to the hippocampus?

 A. The pyramidal cell is the only output.
 B. The basket cell is the only inhibitory cell.
 C. Granule cells are found only in the dentate gyrus.
 D. The alvear pathway terminates on the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells in stratum radiatum.
 E. The area CA4 is closest to the dentate gyrus.

71. The hippocampal area CA4 receives input primarily from:

 A. Septum.
 B. Anterior thalamus.
 C. Dorsomedial thalamus.
 D. Mammillary bodies.
 E. Habenular.

72. All of the following connections are correct for the limbic system except:

 A. Precommissural fornix --> mammillary bodies
 B. Mammillary bodies --> anterior thalamus --> cingulate cortex
 C. Habenular nuclei via fasciculus retroflexus --> interpeduncular nucleus
 D. Preoptic region via medial forebrain bundle --> midbrain tegmental nuclei
 E. Septum via stria medullaris thalami ŕhabenula

73. All of the following are true in regard to hippocampal lesion except:

 A. Bilateral temporal lobectomies in humans result in loss of short term memory storage mechanisms 
           into long term storage.
 B. Theta wave reciprocal relationships with the cortex cause abnormal arousal or activation of the structure.
 C. Apathy is often seen in relation to the surroundings.
 D. Rats in s T maze have more difficulty in identifying where they have previously been.
 E. It is more difficult to change an ingrained response to a new one.

74. The amygdala when lesioned bilaterally results in all of the following symptomology except:

 A. Drowsiness.
 B. Hyposexuality.
 C. Psychic blindness.
 D. Anorexia.
 E. Indifference to their surroundings.

75. Stimulation of the amygdala can result in all of the following symptomology except:

 A. Inhibition or excitation of spinal reflexes.
 B. Increased motility of the GI tract.
 C. Inhibition of micturation and defecation.
 D. Licking, swallowing and other complex rhythmic movements related to eating.
 E. Can inhibit respiration rate rhythm and amplitude.

76. Which of the following hormones is under inhibitory control by the hypothalamus?

 A. ACTH
 B. Prolactin
 C. Growth hormone
 D. Thyroid stimulating hormone
 E. Luteinizing hormone

77. Which is not true about the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus.

 A. It is one of the largest nuclei in the hypothalamus.
 B. Lesions result in obesity.
 C. Lesions result in rage behavior.
 D. It is referred to as the hunger center.
 E. It contains glucoreceptors.

78. Shivering, piloerection, vasoconstriction and increased BMR can be elicited by stimulation of the.

 A. Preoptic nucleus.
 B. Posterior lateral nucleus.
 C. Supraoptic nucleus.
 D. Anterior nucleus.
 E. None of the above.

79. Savage behavior can be elicited in cats by stimulation of the:

 A. Preoptic
 B. Suprachiasmatic
 C. Lateral
 D. Dorsomedial
 E. Mammillary bodies

80. Diabetes insipidus may be explained by a lesion to the:

 A. Lateral preoptic
 B. Ventrobasal
 C. Supraoptic
 D. Preoptic
 E. Suprachiasmatic

81. The paraventricular nucleus releases:

 A. Vasopressin
 B. Prolactin
 C. Oxytocin
 D. TRF
 E. Both A and C

82. The major afferent pathway ending in the mammillary body is:

 A. Medial forebrain bundle
 B. Fornix
 C. Striae medullaris
 D. Striae terminalis
 E. Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus

83. Which of the following is not true in regard to the hypothalamus.

 A. It is involved in autonomic system and hormonal system functions.
 B. It produces hormones which directly pass down axons of hypothalamic neurons.
 C. The entire pituitary gland is embryologically derived from it.
 D. It is under the direct influence of higher centers in the brain.

84. A lesion of which of the following nuclei would result in extreme obesity.

 A. Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus
 B. Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus
 C. Lateral hypothalamic nucleus
 D. Supraoptic hypothalamic nucleus
 E. Anterior hypothalamic nucleus

85. A pituitary adenoma might result in a variety of symptoms dependent upon the tumor growth.  Which 
      symptom would you not expect to find?

 A. Bitemoporal hemianopsia
 B. Adrenal hyperfunction (Cushings disease)
 C. Diabetes insipidus
 D. Psychosis
 E. Amenorrhea

86. Of the various anterior pituitary hormones, identify which of those that have association with an inhibitory 
       releasing factor.

 A. LH ----> LRF
 B. ACTH ----> CRF
 C. ACTH ----> GHIF
 D. PRL ----> PRF
 E. TSH ----> GHIF

87. Nuclei interaction is best exemplified by.

 A. Anterior and lateral hypothalamic nuclei in temperature regulation.
 B. Ventromedial and anterior hypothalamic nuclei in emotion behavior displaying rage.
 C. The lateral and the preoptic hypothalamic nuclei in food regulation.
 D. The supraoptic and preoptic hypothalamic nuclei in food regulation.
 E. None of the above.

88. The following fiber tract is not directly related to hypothalamic pathways.

 A. Medial forebrain bundle
 B. Periventricular fibers
 C. Fornix
 D. Fasciculus retroflexus
 E. None of the above

89. A lesion in which of the following nuclei will result in somnolence:

 A. Medial preoptic hypothalamic nucleus
 B. Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus
 C. Posterior hypothalamic nucleus
 D. Anterior hypothalamic nucleus
 E. None of the above

90. Destruction of which of the following hypothalamic nuclei would result in hypersomnia:

 A. Lateral preoptic 
 B. Lateral hypothalamic
 C. Ventromedial
 D. Arcuate
 E. Posterior

91. Stimulation of the anterior hypothalamic nuclei would result in:

 A. Homosexuality
 B. Obesity
 C. Hypothermia
 D. Killing behavior
 E. Hallucinations

92. A lesion occurring in the neurohypophysis would result in the appearance of symptoms within 24 hours of 
      which of the following disease entities.

 A. Diabetes mellitus
 B. Diabetes insipidus
 C. Lactation excelliveness
 D. Uterine contractionality
 E. None of the above

93. All of the following nuclei would represent parasympathetic functions except.

 A. Anterior hypothalamic
 B. Medial preoptic
 C. Arcuate
 D. Ventromedial hypothalamic
 E. Medial mamillary nuclei

94. All of the following neuropeptides have been isolated and synthesized except.

 A. Vasopressin
 B. Oxytocin
 C. Thyrotropin releasing factor
 D. Growth hormone releasing factor
 E. Luteinizing hormone releasing factor

95. All of the following are true in regard to hypothalamic releasing factor except.

 A. The preoptic-suprachiasmatic region produces LRF and FRF.
 B. The neuropeptides may also act as neurotransmitters.
 C. All of the releasing factors are released into the portal system formed from the superior hypophyseal
           artery.
 D. Releasing factor release is steady and continuous with no variance involved with all variations due to 
           the anterior hypophysis itself.
 E. Dopamine might be the inhibitory releasing factor controlling prolactin release.

96. All of the following are true in relation to water homeostasis except.

 A. Vasopressin release in anti-diuretic to the distal convoluted tubules of the kidney
 B. Decreased blood osmotic pressure decreases ADH release
 C. Alcohol causes decreased ADH release
 D. Hemorrhage causes decreased ADH release
 E. Anesthesia causes increased ADH release

97. Central inputs into the olfactory bulb arise from:

 A. Anterior olfactory nucleus
 B. Diagonal band of Broca
 C. Locus coeruleus
 D. A and B
 E. All of the above

98. The mammillary nuclei project directly to:

 A. Anterior thalamic nuclei
 B. septal nuclei
 C. Midbrain tegmentum
 D. Amygdaloid nuclei
 E. All of the above
 F. None of the above
 G. A and C

99. Sexual disturbances can occur in all of the following circumstances except:

 A. Hypersexuality occurs most of the time in frontal lobe lesions.
 B. Episodic or persistent eroticism occurs occasionally in septal lesions.
 C. Children display either sexual retardation or precocity but never impotence.
 D. Pprecocious puberty can result from tumors of the mammillary region.
 E. Precocious puberty can result from tumors in the region of the pineal gland.

100. All of the following are true in regard to the hypothalamus except:

 A. Lesions of the medial preoptic nuclei result in hyperthermia.
 B. Lesions of the dorsal medial nuclei result in rage and anger.
 C. Lesions in the lateral nuclei result in hypothermia.
 D. Lesions in the posterior nuclei result in hypersomnia.
 E. Lesions in the lateral nuclei result in wasting disease.

101. A hypothalamic pathway which is of major importance for olfactory and rostral regions to project to
        midbrain tegementum is.

 A. Fornix
 B. Medial leminiscus
 C. Lateral leminiscus
 D. Periventricular system
 E. Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus

102. All of the following hypothalamic releasing factors have been isolated and structurally characterized 
        except:

 A. Corticotrophin releasing factor
 B. Somatostatin
 C. Thyrotrophin releasing factor
 D. Luteinizing hormone releasing factor
 E. Growth hormone inhibitory factor

103. Which of the following is correct in regard to the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus and the 
        control of water intake?

 A. Emotional factors as stress may lead to water diuresis
 B. Alcohol results in increased ADH release
 C. Anesthetics cause increased ADH release
 D. Cold increases ADH release
 E. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine all decrease ADH release

104. Afferents to the hypothalamus arise from all of the following structures except:

 A. Hippocampal formation
 B. Corticomedial amygdaloid nuclei
 C. Basolateral amygdaloid nuclei
 D. Ascending reticular activating system
 E. Orbitofrontal cortex
 F. Non-specific thalamic nuclei
 G. Locus coeruleus
 H. None of the above

105. Only three hypothalamic hormonal factors have actually been isolated and chemically synthesized.  
        These are:

 A. TRF, CRF, and PIF
 B. TRF, LRF, and FRF
 C. TRF, PRF, and PIF
 D. TRF, LRF, and GHIF
 E. GHSF, TRF, and GHIF

106. Which of the following pathways is not a major descending outflow of the hypothalamus.

 A. Medial forebrain bundle
 B. Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
 C. Mammillotegmental tract
 D. Habenulopeduncular tract
 E. None of the above

107. Which of the following features of ADH secretion and control is incorrect.

 A. ADH is manufactured by cells found mainly in supraoptic nucleus
 B. Fibers of the supraopticohypophyseal system travel through the median eminence
 C. ADH is secreted into the capillary network of the superior hypophyseal artery
 D. Osmoreceptors for feedback are located outside the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei
 E. Blood volume changes can alter the outflow of ADH