1. Which transmitter probably acts as the primary sensory transmitter conveying painful stimuli to the dorsal horn? 

A. Enkephalin
B. Glutamate
C. Serotonin
D. Substance P
E. Acetylcholine

2. All of the following are true in regard to the monoamines except. 

A. The substantia nigra consists of primarily dopaminergic neurons
B. The locus coeruleus consists primarily of serotonergic neurons
C. The short dopaminergic system is exemplified by dopamine cell groups in the retina or olfactory bulb.
D. Several subtypes of receptors are available for each of the monoamines.
E. The drug Prozac acts by increasing the duration and level of serotonin.

3. All of the following are true in regard to neurotransmission at the neuromuscular junction except. 

A. Studies reveal an entry of 4 Ca++ for every vesicle released. 
B. A single action potential results in the release of 200 vesicles. 
C. The neuromuscular synapse contains 300,000 vesicles and has a very short operational life of 1,500 nerve impulses 
             before a new junction is formed. 
D. Black widow venom blocks the reuptake of Ach.
E. Non-specific acetylcholinesterase, called pseudocholinesterase is found in various tissues and plasma, and can also 
             breakdown Ach. 

4. Black widow venom effects which of the following portion of the adrenergic synapse. 

A. Acetylcholineterase release
B. Acetylcholine release
C. Acetyl CoA and choline resynthesis
D. New vesicle formation from the postsynaptic membrane. 
E. Binds to Ach receptors.

5. All of the following are true in regard to neurotransmission at the neuromuscular junction except. 

A. Non-specific acetylcholinesterase, called pseudocholinesterase found in various tissues and plasma can also breakdown 
             Ach.
B. The neuromuscular synapse contains 300,000 vesicles and thus has a very short operational life of 1,500 impulses before 
             a new junction must form.
C. A single action potential results in the release of 200 vesicles.
D. Studies reveal an entry of 4 Ca++ for every vesicle released. 
E. An MEPP refers to the slight depolarization of a muscle membrane due to a single vesicle 
                release at a motor end plate. 

6. For the average neuromuscular junction, there is an estimated.

A. 1500 vesicles
B. 150,000 vesicles
C. 300,000 vesicles
D. 3 million vesicles
E. 200 vesicles

7. The enzyme found in the noradrenergic synaptic cleft that degrades norepinephrine is. 

A. MAO
B. Acetylcholinesterase
C. Phosphodiesterase
D. Phosphoprotein phosphatase
E. Catechol-o-methytransferase

8. An example of a cholinomimetic drug is. 

A. Nerve gas
B. d-tubocurare         
C. Nicotine
D. Neostigmine
E. Black widow venom

9. The chemical substance which alters synaptic action by preventing reuptake and reutilization of acetylcholine is.b

A. Phystostigmine
B. Black widow venom
C. Nerve gas
D. Nicotine
E. Carbachol

10. All of the following substances are considered as potential inhibitory neurotransmitters except. 

A. Epinephrine 
B. Norepinephrine
C. GABA
D. Dopamine
E. Glutamate

11. All of the following are true in regard to neurotransmission except. c

A. All transmitters have mechanisms for reuptake of metabolites into the presynaptic membrane.
B. All transmitters function by release of a chemical substance into the synaptic cleft.
C. All transmitters interact with a postsynaptic receptor that either depolarizes or hyperpolarizesthat membrane.
D. All transmitters require calcium entry for vesicle release.
E. All transmitters are stored in vesicles.